Frank D. (Tony) Smith, Jr., Cartersville, GA USA, 9 November 2003 - Click Here for pdf format.

VoDou and Physics

VoDou = IFA divination begins with a binary choice:

To form a string of binary 1s and 0s,

let = 1 and = 0.

 

VoDou = IFA divination is based on 8 binary choices.

One way of divining is to cast a chain (Opele Chain) of 8 two-sided things, such as cowries or palm nuts. Here, I illustrate with a chain of 8 coins:  

There are
   2  x  2  x  2  x  2   x  2  x  2  x  2  x  2   
= 2^8 = 256 possible outcomes

1     2     3     4 
 
o     oo    oo    o 
o     oo    o     oo
o     oo    o     oo
o     oo    oo    o 
 
 
5     6     7     8 
 
o     oo    o     oo
o     oo    oo    oo
oo    o     oo    oo
oo    o     oo    o 
 
 
9     10    11    12
 
o     oo    oo    oo
o     o     o     oo
o     o     oo    o 
oo    o     oo    oo
 
 
13    14    15    16
 
o     o     o     oo
oo    o     oo    o 
o     oo    o     oo
o     o     oo    o 
 

 
0     1     2     3     4     5     6     7 
 
     o     o     o     o     o     o     o     o      
o     o     o     o     oo    oo    oo    oo
o     o     oo    oo    o     o     oo    oo
o     oo    o     oo    o     oo    o     oo






X





 
8     9     10    11    12    13    14    15
 
     oo    oo    oo    oo    oo    oo    oo    oo     
o     o     o     o     oo    oo    oo    oo
o     o     oo    oo    o     o     oo    oo
o     oo    o     oo    o     oo    o     oo
 

Therefore,

In order to make a model of Fundamental Particle Physics, you must describe the basic action by which

   --B
  / /|
 / / /
/ / / 
|/ /  
A--   

As John Gribbin and Mary Gribbin say in their book Richard Feynman, A Life In Science (Dutton, Penguin, 1997, at pages 85-87):

"... A line ...[from A to B]... represents the history of a particle as it .... move[s] from A to B ... The insight Feynman had, while lying in bed one night,unable to sleep, was that

As Richard Feynman says in his book QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter (Princeton, 1988, at pages 82-83, 91, 129 ):

...[another] basic action is:

... the amplitude for a real electron to emit or absorb a real photon ... has been a mystery ever since it was discovered, and all good theoretical physicists put this number up on their wall and worry about it. ... It's one of the greatest damn mysteries of physics ...

... There is no theory that adequately explains ... the observed masses of the particles ... We use the numbers in all our theories, but we don't understand them - what they are or where they come from. I believe that from a fundamental point of view, this is a very interesting and serious problem. ...".

Since the answers to the mystery of Force Strengths and the problem of Particle Masses are numbers, we must see how

We need a SpaceTime so that Particles can move from point A to point B. In the simplest Standard Model and Gravity, large-scale SpaceTime is 4-dimensional.

We see that it might be useful to divide Particles into classes, based on how they are affected by rotating them around in SpaceTime:

The simplest type of Particle is just a point, with no internal sense of direction in or connection to SpaceTime. It is called a Scalar Particle, or spin-0 particle. Particle physicists call it a Higgs Scalar. In the simplest Standard Model, there is one Higgs scalar;

Another type of Particle has an internal sense of direction in SpaceTime, so that if it is rotated one full turn of 360 degrees about an internal axis, it is back to how it was oriented when it started out. Since such Particles act like vectors in that a 360 degree rotation gets them back to where they started, they are called Vector Particles, or spin-1 particles. Particle physicists call them Gauge Bosons. In the simplest Standard Model of the electromagnetic, weak, and color forces, there are 12 Gauge Bosons. In the Conformal Group that produces Gravity by a generalized MacDowell-Mansouri mechanism, there are 16 Gauge Bosons. Therefore, for the simplest Standard Model plus Gravity, there are 12+16 = 28 Gauge Bosons;

A third type of Particle not only has an internal sense of direction, but also has a sense of how it is connected to the SpaceTime in which it lives. Louis H. Kauffman, in his book Knots and Physics (World Scientific Publishing Co. 1991), says that such a particle is like a ball attached to its surroundings by string, as in this picture from Gravitation, by Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler (Freeman 1972):

The orientation of the ball is related to the surrounding sphere by the tangle of the strings connecting them. If you rotate the ball 360 degrees, the strings are tangled, but if you go to 720 degrees, the strings get untangled. Here is a demonstration of how the 720 degree rotation works:

It is from Feynman's 1986 Dirac Memorial Lecture (Elementary Particles and the Laws of Physics, Cambridge Press 1987), and it shows a cup held by a dancer in one hand. Rotating the cup by 360 degrees gets the arm (which is connected to the shoulder of the dancer) twisted, but turning the cup another 360 degrees gets the arm back straight. In it, picture 1 is the start, picture 2 is 180 degrees, picture 3 is 360 degrees (note how the arm is twisted), picture 4 is 540 degrees, and picture 1 again is 720 degrees. - Such particles that have to be rotated twice to get back to where they started are called Spinor Particles, or spin-1/2 particles.

As Richard Feynman says in his article The Reason for AntiParticles (in the book Elementary Particles and the Laws of Physics, the 1986 Dirac Memorial Lectures, Cambridge, 1987, page10): for Spinor Particles "... there must be antiparticles ...[which look like]... particle[s] moving backwards in time ...". In other words, for each Spinor Particle there must exist a Mirror Image Spinor AntiParticle that looks like the original one moving backward in time. Particle physicists call them Fermion Particles and Fermion AntiParticles. In the simplest Standard Model, there are 3 sets of 8 Fermion Particles and 8 Fermion AntiParticles. Each of the 3 sets is called a generation, so that there are 8 first-generation Fermion Particles and 8 first-generation Fermion AntiParticles.

In the VoDou = IFA structure of the fundamental 256 outcomes:

At first glance, it looks like the VoDou = IFA structure matches the structure of particle physics, with two exceptions:

• a 4+4 = 8-dimensional SpaceTime and
• only the first generation of Fermion Particles and AntiParticles.

However, if the 8 SpaceTime dimensions are broken down into

• 4 dimensions that we see as the large-scale Physical SpaceTime of particle physics, plus
• a small 4-dimensional ball (called a CP2 space, or Internal Symmetry Space) at each point of the large-scale 4-dimensional spacetime

we can also see where the second and third generations of Fermion Particles and AntiParticles come from:

If you reduce the original 8-dimensional spacetime
into 4-dimensional physical spacetime
and 4-dimensional Internal Symmetry Space 
then 
if you look in the original 8-dimensional spacetime
at a fermion (First-generation represented by a single octonion)
propagating from one vertex to another 
there are only 4 possibilities for the same propagation
after dimensional reduction:

1 

The origin o and target x vertices are both
in the 4-dimensional large-scale physical spacetime 
   
4-dim Internal Symmetry Space   --------------
   
   
4-dim Physical SpaceTime        ---o------x---
   
in which case the propagation is unchanged, and the
fermion remains a FIRST generation fermion.

2

The origin vertex o is in the large-scale physical spacetime 
and the target vertex * in in the Internal Symmetry Space 
   
4-dim Internal Symmetry Space   ----------*---
                                     
   
4-dim Physical SpaceTime        ---o----------
   
in which case there must be a new link from
the original target vertex * in the Internal Symmetry Space
to a new target vertex x in the large-scale physical spacetime 
   
4-dim Internal Symmetry Space   ----------*---
   
   
4-dim Physical SpaceTime        ---o------x---
   
and a new vertex can be introduced at the original
target vertex in connection with the new link 
so that the fermion can be regarded as a SECOND generation fermion.

3

The target vertex x is in the large-scale physical spacetime 
and the origin vertex o in in the Internal Symmetry Space 
   
4-dim Internal Symmetry Space   ---o----------
   
   
4-dim Physical SpaceTime        ----------x---
   
in which case there must be a new link to
the original origin vertex o in the Internal Symmetry Space
from a new origin vertex * in the large-scale physical spacetime 
   
4-dim Internal Symmetry Space   ---o----------
   
   
4-dim Physical SpaceTime        ---O------x---
   
so that a new vertex can be introduced at the new
origin vertex O in connection with the new link 
so that the fermion can, as in case 2, be regarded as a SECOND generation fermion. 

4

Both the origin vertex o and the target vertex * 
are in the Internal Symmetry Space,
   
4-dim Internal Symmetry Space   ---o------*---
   
   
4-dim Physical SpaceTime        --------------
   
in which case there must be a new link to
the original origin vertex o in the Internal Symmetry Space
from a new origin vertex O in the large-scale physical spacetime,
and a second new link from the original target vertex * 
in the Internal Symmetry Space to a new target vertex x
in the associative spacetime 
   
4-dim Internal Symmetry Space   ---o------*---
   
   
4-dim Physical SpaceTime        ---O------x---
   
so that a new vertex can be introduced at the new
origin vertex O in connection with the first new link,
and another new verterx can be introduced at the original
target vertex * in connection with the second new link,
so that the fermion can be regarded as a THIRD generation fermion.

As there are no more possibilities, there are no more generations.

Therefore the VoDou = IFA Structure of the fundamental 256 outcomes

So, given the correspondence between VoDou = IFA Structure and the Physics Structures of the simplest Standard Model plus Gravity,

The mathematical structure used in such a calculation is called a Lagrangian, and it is of the form

INT ( 1 + 28 + <8,8> )

8

• the 1 is a term involving the Higgs Scalar;
• the 28 is a term involving the Gauge Bosons;
• the <8,8> is a term involving the Fermion Particles and AntiParticles; and
• the INT over 8 means to sum (or integrate) the Higgs Scalar, Gauge Boson, and Fermion terms over the relevant region of SpaceTime.

The numerical structure form of the VoDou = IFA Structure comes from the correpondence of the fundamental 256 outcomes

1 + 8 + 28 + 56 + 70 + 56 + 28 + 8 + 1 = (<8 + 8>) x 16

with the Graded Structure and Spinor Structures of the 256-dimensional Cl(8) Clifford Algebra of 16x16 real matrices M(16,R):

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

The black-colored 56 + 70 + 56 + 28 + 8 + 1 and 16 also have physical interpretations, some of which are related to the duality between position and momentum that is related to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle of Quantum Theory. Those interpretations are:

• The 16, which breaks down into 8 + 8, correspond to
  • a set of 8 matrices (called Dirac gamma matrices) that describe how Spinor Particles move in SpaceTime from the point of view of position in SpaceTime, and
  • another set of 8 matrices (also called Dirac gamma matrices) that describe how Spinor Particles move in SpaceTime from the point of view of momentum in SpaceTime.
• The 56 (corresponding to outcomes with three 1s) is fixed and not dynamically active after 8-dimensional SpaceTime is broken into 4-dimensional Physical Spacetime and 4-dimensional Internal Symmetry Space. At very high energies where the 8-dimensional SpaceTime is not broken, there may be some phenomena related to the 56, but such high energies (possibly Planck-level) are currently beyond the reach of human experiments and observations, such as some subtle phenomena related to Interactions among the World-Lines of Possible Histories in the Quantum Many-Worlds. Such Interactions can be described in terms of an M-theory with global symmetry of the exceptional Lie algebra E7, whose 56-dimensional representation corresponds to the 56.
• The 70 (corresponding to outcomes with four 1s) breaks down into 35 + 35. One 35 is fixed and not dynamically active after 8-dimensional SpaceTime is broken into 4-dimensional Physical Spacetime and 4-dimensional Internal Symmetry Space. At very high energies where the 8-dimensional SpaceTime is not broken, there may be some phenomena related to that 35, but such high energies (possibly Planck-level) are currently beyond the reach of human experiments and observations, such as some subtle phenomena related to the Higgs Scalar.
• The other 35 and the 56 + 28 + 8 + 1 are dual to the 1 + 8 + 28 + 56 and the first 35, and describe in terms of momentum the same physical phenomena that the 1 + 8 + 28 + 56 and the first 35 describe in terms of position.

Taken together, the 56 and 70 correspond to the 126 root vectors of the exceptional Lie algebra E7 that is the global symmetry group of an M-theory describing Interactions among the World-Lines of Possible Histories in the Quantum Many-Worlds.

All 256 VoDou = IFA outcomes are closely related to the 240 root vectors of the exceptional Lie algebra E8 that is the global symmetry group of an F-theory describing Interactions among the World-Lines of Possible Histories in the Quantum Many-Worlds.

Of course, our Universe and its Quantum Many-Worlds is very big and one set of 256 VoDou = IFA outcomes, that is, one copy of the 256-dimensional Cl(8) Clifford algebra, describes only one small part, or one Event. To describe such very big things, you need a very big Clifford algebra, say Cl(8N) where N can be as large a number as you want. What makes VoDou = IFA effective for such very big things is the fact that any very big Clifford algebra Cl(8N) can be factored into N copies of the basic 256-element VoDou = IFA Cl(8) Clifford algebra:

Therefore,

Further,

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It is clear that the VoDou Physics Model meets Einstein's Criterion for a good fundamental physics model, as it is a structure which is based only upon

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